1,419 research outputs found
Lorentz Violation for Photons and Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
Lorentz symmetry breaking at very high energies may lead to photon dispersion
relations of the form omega^2=k^2+xi_n k^2(k/M_Pl)^n with new terms suppressed
by a power n of the Planck mass M_Pl. We show that first and second order terms
of size xi_1 > 10^(-14) and xi_2 < -10^(-6), respectively, would lead to a
photon component in cosmic rays above 10^(19) eV that should already have been
detected, if corresponding terms for electrons and positrons are significantly
smaller. This suggests that Lorentz invariance breakings suppressed up to
second order in the Planck scale are unlikely to be phenomenologically viable
for photons.Comment: 4 revtex pages, 3 postscript figures included, version published in
PR
Gravitational dynamics in Bose Einstein condensates
Analogue models for gravity intend to provide a framework where matter and
gravity, as well as their intertwined dynamics, emerge from degrees of freedom
that have a priori nothing to do with what we call gravity or matter. Bose
Einstein condensates (BEC) are a natural example of analogue model since one
can identify matter propagating on a (pseudo-Riemannian) metric with collective
excitations above the condensate of atoms. However, until now, a description of
the "analogue gravitational dynamics" for such model was missing. We show here
that in a BEC system with massive quasi-particles, the gravitational dynamics
can be encoded in a modified (semi-classical) Poisson equation. In particular,
gravity is of extreme short range (characterized by the healing length) and the
cosmological constant appears from the non-condensed fraction of atoms in the
quasi-particle vacuum. While some of these features make the analogue
gravitational dynamics of our BEC system quite different from standard
Newtonian gravity, we nonetheless show that it can be used to draw some
interesting lessons about "emergent gravity" scenarios.Comment: Replaced with published version. 15 pages, no figures, revtex4.
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Hawking-like radiation does not require a trapped region
We discuss the issue of quasi-particle production by ``analogue black holes''
with particular attention to the possibility of reproducing Hawking radiation
in a laboratory. By constructing simple geometric acoustic models, we obtain a
somewhat unexpected result: We show that in order to obtain a stationary and
Planckian emission of quasi-particles, it is not necessary to create a trapped
region in the acoustic spacetime (corresponding to a supersonic regime in the
fluid flow). It is sufficient to set up a dynamically changing flow
asymptotically approaching a sonic regime with sufficient rapidity in
laboratory time.Comment: revtex4, 4 pages, 1 figur
Black hole entropy as T-duality invariant
We study the Euler numbers and the entropies of the non-extremal intersecting
D-branes in ten-dimensions. We use the surface gravity to constrain the
compactification radii. We correctly obtain the integer valued Euler numbers
for these radii. Moreover, the entropies are found to be invariant under the
T-duality transformation. In the extremal limit, we obtain the finite entropies
only for two intersecting D-branes. We observe that these entropies are
proportional to the product of the charges of each D-brane. We further study
the entropies of the boosted metrics. We find that their entropies can be
interpreted in term of the microscopic states of D-branes.Comment: 15 pages, Revte
Acoustic horizons for axially and spherically symmetric fluid flow
We investigate the formation of acoustic horizons for an inviscid fluid
moving in a pipe in the case of stationary and axi-symmetric flow. We show
that, differently from what is generally believed, the acoustic horizon forms
in correspondence of either a local minimum or maximum of the flux tube
cross-section. Similarly, the external potential is required to have either a
maximum or a minimum at the horizon, so that the external force has to vanish
there. Choosing a power-law equation of state for the fluid, , we solve the equations of the fluid dynamics and show that the two
possibilities are realized respectively for and . These results
are extended also to the case of spherically symmetric flow.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Modified Special Relativity on a fluctuating spacetime
It was recently proposed that deformations of the relativistic symmetry, as
those considered in Deformed Special Relativity (DSR), can be seen as the
outcome of a measurement theory in the presence of non-negligible (albeit
small) quantum gravitational fluctuations [1,2]. In this paper we explicitly
consider the case of a spacetime described by a flat metric endowed with
stochastic fluctuations and, for a free particle, we show that DSR-like
nonlinear relations between the spaces of the measured and classical momenta,
can result from the average of the stochastic fluctuations over a scale set be
the de Broglie wavelength of the particle. As illustrative examples we consider
explicitly the averaging procedure for some simple stochastic processes and
discuss the physical implications of our results.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
A New Space for Patients. How Space Enters Innovation Translation Processes
The contribution takes organizational space to the analytical fore and analyzes the spatial mediation of the translation of patient-centered care. By bridging theories on innovations' translation and the literature on organizational space, the chapter explores how the redesign of healthcare spaces is used to materialize ideas of patient-centredness and what happens when consolidated clinical practices resist and change these spatial translations of an innovation. Specifically the work focuses on a) how patient-centredness translates into the spatial arrangement of the hospital and b) how, in turn, clinical practitioners work with or around the new spatial setup by both taking up the patient-centredness discourse and working around the spatial arrangement
Modified Dispersion Relations from the Renormalization Group of Gravity
We show that the running of gravitational couplings, together with a suitable
identification of the renormalization group scale can give rise to modified
dispersion relations for massive particles. This result seems to be compatible
with both the frameworks of effective field theory with Lorentz invariance
violation and deformed special relativity. The phenomenological consequences
depend on which of the frameworks is assumed. We discuss the nature and
strength of the available constraints for both cases and show that in the case
of Lorentz invariance violation, the theory would be strongly constrained.Comment: revtex4, 9 pages, updated to match published versio
Particle creation in an oscillating spherical cavity
We study the creation of massless scalar particles from the quantum vacuum
due to the dynamical Casimir effect by spherical shell with oscillating radius.
In the case of a small amplitude of the oscillation, to solve the infinite set
of coupled differential equations for the instantaneous basis expansion
coefficients we use the method based on the time-dependent perturbation theory
of the quantum mechanics. To the first order of the amplitude we derive the
expressions for the number of the created particles for both parametric
resonance and non-resonance cases.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figure
Fermionic microstates within Painlev\'e-Gullstrand black hole
We consider the quantum vacuum of fermionic field in the presence of a
black-hole background as a possible candidate for the stabilized black hole.
The stable vacuum state (as well as thermal equilibrium states with arbitrary
temperature) can exist if we use the Painlev\'e-Gullstrand description of the
black hole, and the superluminal dispersion of the particle spectrum at high
energy, which is introduced in the free-falling frame. Such choice is inspired
by the analogy between the quantum vacuum and the ground state of quantum
liquid, in which the event horizon for the low-energy fermionic quasiparticles
also can arise. The quantum vacuum is characterized by the Fermi surface, which
appears behind the event horizon. We do not consider the back reaction, and
thus there is no guarantee that the stable black hole exists. But if it does
exist, the Fermi surface behind the horizon would be the necessary attribute of
its vacuum state. We also consider exact discrete spectrum of fermions inside
the horizon which allows us to discuss the problem of fermion zero modes.Comment: LaTeX, 20 pages, 2 figure
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